Oncology Certified Nurse (OCN) Nursing Practice Test

What is the characteristic of Stage 1 lymphedema?

1. Skin stretched and shiny

2. Pitting edema with less than 3 cm difference

3. Non-pitting edema with 3-5 cm difference

4. Skin discolored and firm

The correct answer is: Pitting edema with less than 3 cm difference

Stage 1 lymphedema is characterized by pitting edema, which means that when pressure is applied to the swollen area, the indentation remains for a short time before the skin returns to its normal position. This stage is also marked by a noticeable difference in limb circumference, typically less than 3 cm compared to the unaffected limb. The swelling may fluctuate throughout the day and is usually reversible with elevation and compression therapy. This characteristic helps to differentiate Stage 1 lymphedema from other stages where the swelling becomes more pronounced and potentially irreversible, and where the skin starts to exhibit other changes, such as being stretched, firm, or discolored. Understanding this distinction is critical for timely and appropriate management of lymphedema in patients, underscoring the importance of early intervention to prevent progression to more severe stages.